Plant resources used in Biopesticides
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| Biopesticides |
From human strandpoint, a resources is anything obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants. e. g. Food, Water, Shelter, Manufactured goods, transportation, communication and recreation.
Any material may be termed as a 'Resource' provided that an appreciate technology is available to transform that into more valuable goods.
In the particular case of humans, a 'Resource' is any form of energy or matter essential for the fulfillment of physical, socio-economic, and cultural needs, both at the individual level and that of the community.
Biocontrol:
It is the intentional manual use of parasitoid, predator, pathogen, antagonist, or competitor populations to supress a pest population, thereby making the pest less abundant and damaging than it would be in the absence of these organisms.
A) Indiara:
It is totally indigenous herbal pesticides which is a mixture of different plants in specific proportions. The formulations of Indiara consist of Neem leaves, Lotus, Vegetables like Onion, Garlic, Ginger, Mustard, Chilly and residues.
It is produced by simple fermentation technique. Chemically Indiara is organic sulphide which acts as an insecticide, fungicide and viricide, also acts as plant nutrients supplement and growth regulator.
Mode of Action and Uses:
1) Acts as an insect repellent.
2) It can be used as herbal fungicide, insecticide, viricide etc.
3) It increases crop productivity by improving amount of chlorophyll pigment in plants.
4) It improves protein contents and thereby metabolism of the plant body.
B) Azadiractin:
Source:
Azadiractin indica, syn. Melia azadiractin L.
Family:
Meliaceae
Plant part used:
Seeds, leaves, bark
Chemical Name:
Azadiractin
It is a secondary metabolite present in the Neem tree seeds. Azadiractin is a naturally occurring substance that belongs to an organic molecule class called tetran or triterpenoids, comprising an enol ether, acetal, hemiacetal, and tetra-substituted oxirane as well as a variety of carboxylic esters.
Mode of Action and Uses:
1) It affects over 200 species of insect, by acting mainly as an antifeedant and growth disruptor, and as such it possesses considerable toxicity toward insects.
2) It fulfills many of the criteria needed for a natural insecticide if it is to replace synthetic compounds.
3) Azadiractin is biodegradable and shows very low toxicity to mammals, thus being environmentally sound.
4) Not persistent in the Environment.
5) Minimal impact of Non-target organisms.
6) It is structurally similar to insect hormones called "ecdysones," which control the process of metamorphosis as the insects pass from larva to pupa to adult. Metamorphosis requires the careful synchrony of many hormones and other physiological changes to be successful, and azadiractin seems to be an "ecdysone blocker." It blocks the insect's production and release of these vital hormones. Insects then will not molt, thus breaking their life cycle.
7) Azadiractin is used to control whiteflies, aphids, catepillars, beetles, mushroom flies, leafminers, gypsy moths and other insects on food, greenhouse crops, ornamentals and truf.
